1 - cathode 2 - anode 3 - anode 4 - n.c. 5 - n.c. 6 - anode 7 - anode 8 - reference 1 - cathode 2 - n.c. 3 - n.c. 4 - n.c. 5 - n.c. 6 - anode 7 - n.c. 8 - reference ? z to92 (plastic package) . adjustable output voltage : 2.5 to 36v . sink current capability : 1 to 100ma . typical output impedance : 0.22 w . 1% and 2% voltage precision description the tl431 is a programmable shunt voltage refer- ence with guaranteed temperature stability over the entire temperature range of operation. the output voltage may be set to any value be- tween v ref (approximately 2.5v) and 36v with two external resistors. the tl431 operates with a wide current range from 1 to 100ma with a typical dynamic impedance of 0.22 w . pin connections 8765 1234 so8 (top view) cathode anode refere nce 123 to92 (top view) d so8 (batwing plastic micropackage) programmable voltage reference tl431 order codes part number temperature range package znd tl431c/ac 0 o c, +70 o c ??? tl431i/ai -40 o c, +105 o c ??? november 1998 n dip8 (plastic package) 8765 1234 dip8 (top view) 1/9
absolute maximum ratings symbol parameter value unit v ka cathode to anode voltage 37 v i k continuous cathode current range -100 to +150 ma i ref reference input current range -0.05 to +10 ma t oper operating free-air temperature range tl431c/ac tl431i/ai 0 to +70 -40 to +105 o c t stg storage temperature range -65 to +150 o c operating conditions symbol parameter value unit v ka cathode to anode voltage v ref to 36 v i k cathode current 1 to 100 ma electrical characteristics t amb =25 o c (unless otherwise specified) symbol parameter tl431c tl431ac unit min. typ. max. min. typ. max. v ref reference input voltage - (figure 1) v ka =v ref ,i k = 10ma t amb =25 o c t min. t amb t max. 2.44 2.423 2.495 2.55 2.567 2.47 2.453 2.495 2.52 2.537 v d v ref reference input voltage deviation over temperature range - (figure 1, note1) v ka =v ref, i k= 10ma, t min. t amb t max. 317 315 mv d v ref d v ka ratio of change in reference input voltage to change in cathode to anode voltage - (figure 2) i k =10ma d v ka = 10v to v ref d v ka = 36v to 10v -1.4 -1 -2.7 -2 -1.4 -1 -2.7 -2 mv/v iref reference input current - (figure 2) i k = 10ma, r 1 =10k w ,r 2 = t amb =25 o c t min. t amb t max. 1.8 4 5.2 1.8 4 5.2 m a d i ref reference input current deviation over temperature range - (figure 2) i k = 10ma, r 1 =10k w ,r 2 = t min. t amb t max. 0.4 1.2 0.4 1.2 m a i min minimum cathode current for regulation - (figure 1) v ka =v ref 0.5 1 0.5 0.6 ma i off off-state cathode current - (figure 3) 2.6 1000 2.6 1000 na |z ka | dynamic impedance - (figure 1, note 2) v ka =v ref , d i k = 1 to 100ma, f 1khz 0.22 0.5 0.22 0.5 w t1 t2 tempe ra tur e v ref ma x. v re fmin. notes : 1. d v ref is defined as the difference between the maximum and minimum values obtained over the full temperature range. d v ref =v ref max. -v ref min 2. the dynamic impedance is defined as |z ka | = d v ka d i k tl431 2/9
electrical characteristics t amb =25 o c (unless otherwise specified) symbol parameter tl431i tl431ai unit min. typ. max. min. typ. max. v ref reference input voltage - (figure 1) v ka =v ref ,i k = 10ma t amb =25 o c t min. t amb t max. 2.44 2.41 2.495 2.55 2.58 2.47 2.44 2.495 2.52 2.55 v d v ref reference input voltage deviation over temperature range - (figure 1, note1) v ka =v ref, i k= 10ma, t min. t amb t max. 730 730 mv d v ref d v ka ratio of change in reference input voltage to change in cathode to anode voltage - (figure 2) i k =10ma d v ka = 10v to v ref d v ka = 36v to 10v -1.4 -1 -2.7 -2 -1.4 -1 -2.7 -2 mv/v iref reference input current - (figure 2) i k = 10ma, r 1 =10k w ,r 2 = t amb =25 o c t min. t amb t max. 1.8 4 6.5 1.8 4 6.5 m a d i ref reference input current deviation over temperature range - (figure 2) i k = 10ma, r 1 =10k w ,r 2 = t min. t amb t max. 0.8 2.5 0.8 1.2 m a i min minimum cathode current for regulation - (figure 1) v ka =v ref 0.5 1 0.5 0.7 ma i off off-state cathode current - (figure 3) 2.6 1000 2.6 1000 na |z ka | dynamic impedance - (figure 1, note 2) v ka =v ref , d i k = 1 to 100ma, f 1khz 0.22 0.5 0.22 0.5 w t1 t2 tempe ra tur e v ref ma x. v re fmin. notes : 1. d v ref is defined as the difference between the maximum and minimum values obtained over the full temperature range. d v ref =v ref max. -v ref min 2. the dynamic impedance is defined as |z ka | = d v ka d i k tl431 3/9
reference voltage vs temperature -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 2,42 2,44 2,46 2,48 2,5 2,52 2,54 2,56 2,58 temperature( c) referencevoltage (v) average 2% range 1% range vka=vref ik=10ma input vka vref ik=10ma output test circuit for vka=vref cathode current vs cathode voltage -2 -1 0 1 2 3 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 vka cathode voltage(v) ika cathode current (ma) vka=vref ta=25 c cathode current vs cathode voltage -10123 -2 -1,5 -1 -0,5 0 0,5 1 1,5 2 vka cathode voltage(v) ika cathodecurrent (ma) vka=vref ta=25 c reference input current vs temperature -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9 1 1,1 1,2 temperature( c) iref referenceinput current ( m a) ika=10ma r1=10k r2=inf rka - static impedance vs temperature -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 0,215 0,22 0,225 0,23 0,235 0,24 temperature ( c) rka (ohms) vka=vref ika =1 to 100ma tl431 4/9
off state cathode current vs temperature -40-30-20-10 0 102030405060708090100 0 0,2 0,4 0,6 0,8 1 1,2 1,4 temperature( c) ioff off state cathode current( m a) vka=36v vref=0v input vka=36v ioff test circuit for off-state current measurement phase & gain vs frequency 1 2 5 10 20 50 100 200 500 1,000 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 frequency (khz) gain(db) phase ( ) gain phase input vref ik=10ma output 10 m f 10 m f 6.8k 4.3k test circuit for phase & gain measurements pulse response for ik=1ma 012345678910 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 time ( m s) input & outputvoltage (v) vka=vref ik=1ma ta=25 c input output ik=1ma output 50 w w 2.5k w w test circuit for pulse response at ik=1ma pulse generator intput tl431 5/9
pulse response for ik=10ma 012345678910 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 time ( m s) input & output voltage(v) input output vka=vref ik=10ma ta=25 c test circuit for pulse response at ik=10ma ik=10ma output 50 w w 250 w w pulse generator intput stability conditions vs c apacitive loads 1e-10 1e-9 1e-8 1e-7 0,000001 0,00001 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 capacitive load (f) cathode current( m a) vka=12v vka=5v vka=vref vka=24v unstable area stable area stable area input vka vref ik r1 r2 iref vka = vre f . (1+r 1/r2 ) + iref . r1 test circuit for vka > vref tl431 6/9
package mechanical data 8 pins - plastic dip dim. millimeters inches min. typ. max. min. typ. max. a 3.32 0.131 a1 0.51 0.020 b 1.15 1.65 0.045 0.065 b 0.356 0.55 0.014 0.022 b1 0.204 0.304 0.008 0.012 d 10.92 0.430 e 7.95 9.75 0.313 0.384 e 2.54 0.100 e3 7.62 0.300 e4 7.62 0.300 f 6.6 0260 i 5.08 0.200 l 3.18 3.81 0.125 0.150 z 1.52 0.060 tl431 7/9
package mechanical data 8 pins - batwing plastic micropackage (so) dimensions millimeters inches min. typ. max. min. typ. max. a 1.75 0.069 a1 0.1 0.25 0.004 0.010 a2 1.65 0.065 a3 0.65 0.85 0.026 0.033 b 0.35 0.48 0.014 0.019 b1 0.19 0.25 0.007 0.010 c 0.25 0.5 0.010 0.020 c1 45 o (typ.) d 4.8 5.0 0.189 0.197 e 5.8 6.2 0.228 0.244 e 1.27 0.050 e3 3.81 0.150 f 3.8 4.0 0.150 0.157 l 0.4 1.27 0.016 0.050 m 0.6 0.024 s8 o (max.) tl431 8/9
package mechanical data 3 pins - plastic package to92 dimensions millimeters inches min. typ. max. min. typ. max. l 1.27 0.05 b 3.2 3.7 4.2 0.126 0.1457 0.1654 o1 4.45 5.00 5.2 0.1752 0.1969 0.2047 c 4.58 5.03 5.33 0.1803 0.198 0.2098 k 12.7 0.5 o2 0.407 0.5 0.508 0.016 0.0197 0.02 a 0.35 0.0138 information furnished is believed to be accurate and reliable. however, stmicroelectronics assumes no responsibility for the consequences of use of such info rmation nor for any infringement of patents or other rights of third parties which may result from its use. no license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of stmicroelectronics. specifications mentioned in this publi cation are subject to change without notice. this publ ication supersedes and replaces all information previously supplied. stmicroelectronics products are not authorized for useas critical components in life support devices or systems without express written approval of stmicroelectronics. ? the st logo is a trademark of stmicroelectronics ? 1998 stmicroelectronics printed in italy all rights reserved stmicroelectronics group of companies australia - brazil - canada - china - france - germany - italy - japan - korea - malaysia - malta - mexico - morocco the netherlands - singapore - spain - sweden - switzerland - taiwan - thailand - united kingdom - u.s.a. ? http://www.st.com tl431 9/9
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